Importance of test code quality in continuous testing of financial applications

The global pandemic (2020-2021) had led to unanticipated issues such as economic crisis and credit risk. The upcoming years looked uncertain while facing a critical time. To protect from the economic fallout, the leading business entrepreneurs focused on finding out possible solutions that they thought would help them in stabilizing business continuity and serving their customers better.

One of the Gartner’s Business Continuity Survey reveals that as less as 12 per cent of organizations were prepared to combat the effect of a deadly catastrophe like coronavirus. Amidst the threat of spreading COVID-19, the leading financial institutions considered evaluating their business continuity plans and pandemic planning initiatives to ensure they put safety and efficiency first.

Banking and financial institutions considered agile methodology to adapt to the changing global scenario. The unforeseen event urged the BFSI sectors to reflect on their fundamental practices and how prepared were they for the future. The impact of the pandemic was so widespread that banks faced a weak investment return leading to future credit risks and economic uncertainties. Reportedly, the European banks collectively have experienced an estimated credit loss of an average of €700m in Q1 2020. Meanwhile, in the US three popular banks informed that they noticed a significant credit loss of $25b in Q2 2020.

Current Trend and Opportunities

To prevent the pitfall and evolve from this economic crisis, banks seized available opportunities and prepared their next business module. This catastrophe has urged banks to re-evaluate and analyze their core and non-core assets. Under this scenario, 60% of the banks considered the divestment option, a plan to divest in the next 12 months.

The possibility is likely to play a massive role in understanding the type of organizations banks would like to connect with in the future and how conveniently they can transform their existing process. A growing interest in digitalization is driving banks to adopt digital banking products and solutions to cater to customer requirements. They are taking steps to boost their digital transformation plans.

With a growing threat during a pandemic and different phases of the lockdown being imposed everywhere, financial institutions had adopted remote working policies. It provided an opportunity for the business leaders to reconsider working remotely, operating in the long-term, and consider the monetary impact this approach could have.

This situation enabled many banks to understand their resilience and capabilities. They also reconsidered their cost transformation programs to move in tune with the new challenges of this crisis. The future from here on looks promising and inspiring.

From the online purchase of grocery items to electronic goods, banking and financial institutions, companies introduced promotions, special services, and reward points to re-establish their position in the market. The customers’ purchase behavior was requirement-based, as a product was bought and sold based on bare necessity.

Customers were driven more by emotion during the crisis. Hence, for organizations, brand messaging, tone and purpose became extremely important while connecting with their customers at an emotional level. It helped in establishing customer brand loyalty. Customer purchase behavior depends on four principles, as stated below:

  • As customers remain indecisive, empathy and commitment become two ways to win their trust. During the pandemic, consumers reacted positively to inspiring content that highlighted social, financial, and other real-life aspects.
  • Brands should keep informing their customers about the crisis, how to protect themselves and change in the situation. Customers are likely to trust brands that provide reliable and accurate information about the current situation.
  • Engaging and connecting your customers by facilitating and extending social support are assured ways of improving brand loyalty. Social engagement with customer support and responding instantly during this pandemic have helped build brand loyalty.
  • Offering new schemes, promotions, and offers helps your brands to evolve through endorsement. These efforts have an impact on your customers.

Digital Transformation

Digital banking solutions, which have been brewing for a long time, have accelerated during this unprecedented time. This pandemic situation profoundly changed the behavior of retail and corporate banking clients and facilitated the use of digital banking.

A recent survey done by Ernst and Young, reveals that 62% of consumers said they would use less cash in the future, while 59% will opt for contactless payments. The use of digital services and products propelled more expansion when some of the bank branches were closed, and in response, banks accelerated digital and technology transformation programs.

The small and mid-size companies started adopting digital solutions faster than anticipated. There was an increase of new digital accounts by 2.4 times in the first quarter of 2020 as compared to the first quarter of 2019, and a 49% rise in SME digital loan applications in 2020 as compared to 30% in 2019, in one of the Singapore-based banks.

The concurrent situation has led to massive economic uncertainty, and there is a requirement for the bank to endure this sudden disruption. With a low margin, banks opted for digital tools and focused on sustainable digital enablement that helped them save cost and time. Their motto was, “Grow your business with digital innovations to live up to your customer’s expectations”.

When assessing customers’ requirements, it was observed that a combination of UI and UX of a digital platform contributed to customer satisfaction and experience. Since banking and financial institutions were turning their services online, they needed a platform that could improve the appeal and undisrupted performance.

The following instance supports the claim of how banking is relying on digital and online platforms. In April 2020, Lloyds Banking Group decided to provide a tablet to their 2,000 customers over the age of 70. The objective was to provide training and support to help them access online banking. As banks are now adopting the best digital practices and customer-centric solutions, they form a well-connected digital ecosystem and unique value propositions for their clients. The whole objective shifts to serving their customers better through an outstanding and uninterrupted online banking experience.

Banking has been evolving even before the pandemic swept the entire world. Based on customer requirements and expectations, banks are compelled to leverage digital channels, accounts payments or transfers and online wallets. To avoid the risk of spreading the infection, consumers opted for cashless payments during this pandemic situation. Consumers who did not consider online payment and transactions as options were encouraged to migrate to a digital platform. Since many consumers were not fully familiar with the digital platform, banks have taken it upon them to educate their customers for an outstanding experience.

As the cashless transaction became the new reality of the ongoing situation, banking and financial sectors had to speed up their digital innovation process in response to customer needs by leveraging cross-channel, customer-centric metrics and tracking the success of digital banking. To re-align sales, reduce operational costs, and offer excellent customer experience, data and analytics, AI and automation played a significant role.

A Cost-effective Managed Services

A well-panned managed service can offer operational flexibility and ensure uninterrupted business-continuity plans against unanticipated challenges during the global crisis. With the pace at which the market situation changed, the banks and financial institutions could not afford to hold back the digital revolution for long. Organizations realized that if they suspend their online operational transformation, they will suffer business loss. They understood the competitive edge the change would bring and hence started managing the costs more carefully.

A well-managed service allowed the banks to reduce operating expenses for the long term, and the sudden outburst gave a reason to the bank to adopt managed services. Managed services helped banks to formulate a strong business continuity plan. It is during the time of crisis that managed services helped the banks to maintain the system stability.

The financial instability during this challenging time urged banks to develop strategies to encourage their customer to move online and prove their operational flexibility. With this rapid digital growth, banks were compelled to invest in security, virtual collaboration and cloud infrastructure, analytics, artificial intelligence, and automation. The banks and financial institutions were quick to adopt digital transformation. And the one who did could recover from the economic setback and establish a strong foothold.

Since banking operations largely depend on customer behavior and satisfaction, the banks must face and overcome the challenges of maintaining their standard of customer services, while mitigating operational hurdles.

Current Contact Centers

Digital and mobile banking witnessed a sharp rise during this critical situation, along with the voice channel to serve consumers well. Despite the fully functional digital operation, a few of the banks were operating from branches in different locations. It proved that even if we were relying on a digital platform, we still needed human interventions. We realized the importance of both during a crisis like the current one. AI-driven technology replaced this to achieve the objective. AI could smartly detect the call intention and provide real-time data to the users. This technology helped in reducing call time, and improved efficiency, and customer satisfaction.

Rise of Open Banking Solutions

The situation gave rise to open banking solutions as there has been an 832% increase in open banking during the global lockdown. Banks took more interest in the open banking payment initiative to gain more understanding of their financial situation. Consequently, more and more banks used the opportunity and invested in open banking solutions. The European financial institutions witnessed a steady increase, and globally the organizations were eager to have a different perspective. They did not mind sharing the information on an open platform. A recent report revealed that there was a rise of 20-29% of investments in open banking services for two-thirds of the respondents.

Partnering with FinTech

Banks were simultaneously looking to speed up the digital innovations during the prevailing global situation when the economies across the globe were slowing down. Also, during this pandemic situation, many venture capitalists were restricted from investing in FinTechs. Hence, partnering with FinTech in this situation proved to be economically and mutually beneficial.

Many governments slowly eased rules and regulations in FinTech companies to encourage the growth of innovations and balance out economic disruption. It came as a relief against the long-standing rules, which were once imposed on them.

The current situation provided opportunities for FinTechs to strike a balance between digital transformation while creating a secure financial backbone. As banks and FinTechs together collaborated, it helped them to bridge the funding gap.

As banks were in the earlier stages of digital transformation, partnering with FinTech companies proved to be helpful in terms of improving technological expertise. Banks in collaboration with FinTechs could develop platforms for financial inclusion, analyze transactions and other data for deep insights, capability development and deploy automation for compliance.

Mortgage Refinancing & Payment Deferral

The crisis raised lots of dependability on banks as to how they are addressing their customer’s issues. Due to low-interest rates, there was a steady rise in mortgage refinancing in April and May 2020, resulting in high loan volumes for lenders. As the whole world was suffering because of layoffs, and pay cuts, the homeowners found it to be challenging to pay their instalments on time. This catastrophe has left many customers asking for mortgage deferrals.

Many banks waived fees, increased credit card limits, and granted mortgage payment holidays in response to customers’ inability to keep up the monthly mortgage payments. They made a few adjustments with the short-term and long-term financial changes. Banks provided tailored solutions based on the customer’s requirements by leveraging machine learning, AI and analytics and driving improved engagement.

Managing System Performance and Unexpected Risks through QA

The customers looked for additional support during this crisis in terms of credit facilities from the banks globally. Banks had to be prepared for the upcoming risks and take measures to keep their business and customers protected from the financial debacle, as default and bad loan cases were expected to rise in numbers.

Banks had to build a powerful fraud and risk management and strengthen their portfolio using their analytical capabilities. It helped them to generate useful insights, improve the operational process, and decide quickly on process-related matters. The impact of the global setback urged the banks to focus, assess and review their stress testing models. Since banks actively took steps towards digital transformation, they had to ensure that their systems had seamless performance, system integration and customer acceptance of their digital platform.

Efficient software and algorithm were needed to detect fraud and reevaluate the risk modelling. It allowed banks to calculate pricing, and evaluate and measure the credit risk of borrowers. Banks needed real-time data and an advanced risk calculator, as the economic impact during this time turned a large amount of data unreliable. Banks had to develop advanced analytical capabilities to filter data accurately and spot anomalies quickly.

Since the outbreak of the global pandemic, there has been a significant rise in criminal activities, increasing the threat of money laundering. Banks will also have to strengthen their KYC and Anti-money Laundering (AML) programs. It helped the banks and financial sectors to manage risks and keep pace with changing regulatory scenarios.  

Journey Ahead from Here

The rising concern and uncertainty of this pandemic situation have made the global banks sort out multiple ways to address their customer requirements. The customers require extensive support and flexible services, and interaction. As the situation demanded high technical upliftment, banks were likely to adopt the followings that allowed and helped them to meet their customer expectations. 

  • Accelerated digitalization efforts
  • Cloud migration
  • Intelligent workflow management
  • Partnerships with the BFS sector and FinTechs
  • Embedding security and governance across operations
  • Advanced risk modelling

The current condition posed multiple challenges and compelled banks and financial institutions to invest more in the digital future. They are now improving their operations by leveraging innovative technologies and continuing to inspire other industries that have not reached digital excellence. The financial sector is on the right track to reap the benefits and enjoy the success of its cost transformation programs for the future.

Ensure Credit Quality in Digital Lending Applications

The digital lending market is exploding with growing apps and fintechs. As per a report IIFL FinTech, the digital lending market is expected to grow to a whopping USD 515 billion by 2030. Lending services are no longer about hard-copy documentation. The lending process has moved far beyond becoming completely digital. From recording queries and customer financial details to credit underwriting and loan disbursal, the process is increasingly becoming online.

The online lending process saves time and effort for customers from physically visiting the bank branches to either sign the documents or verify their identity. Digital lending platforms have reduced foot traffic in branch offices, increasing the dependencies on digital applications, which leads to frequent updates and changes in digital applications. These regular updates require continuous monitoring to create a secure, scalable, and efficient digital lending application.

Why gradually industry shifted towards digital lending from traditional processes?

The traditional lending process was inefficient, filled with errors, and time-consuming. It involved managing hard copies of required documentation, frequent bank visits, and prolonged verification of borrowers’ loan profile, credibility and repayment history. The issues were further amplified if the borrower did not meet the eligibility criteria and underwriting based on their past credit history. Securing loans from the banks remained a matter of speculation for the borrowers. This is where digital lending came into the picture and steadily captured the market.

The current scenario of digital lending

Factors like unlimited access to the internet at an affordable price, smartphones penetrating the market, and applications and software available for loan applications facilitate digital lending. Digital lending in India is expected to touch $350 billion by the end of 2023.  

A report states 36 RBI Approved Loan Apps. These names are independent of banks that already offer lending services at a reasonable interest rate. The lending app comes with instant approval and disbursal within 24 hours, which is extremely convenient for borrowers seeking small and medium-sized loan amounts in case of emergency.

But how the lengthy traditional lending processes become so convenient?

The bank lending apps can access the customer data stored in their in-house server and system. However, the fintech organizations procure this information from various sources like banks and third parties through the Application Programming Interface or APIs.

The fintech applications have to obtain the data from diverse sources. To maintain the turn-around-time and live up to their service reputation, they must send the request data access from multiple sources like credit bureaus for borrower past credit history, link to the bank server for bank account verification and auto debit facility, and more to access borrowers’ details.

The lending process through these applications can be extremely critical if the essential quality checks are not done. There can be rising security concerns, performance & functionality errors, delayed access to customer credit history and a cluttered user interface. Let’s look at the complications or bottlenecks in digital lending applications and what problem it may lead to if remains unresolved.

  1. Security and privacy – Customer data is the most sensitive. Digital lending applications procure customer data directly from the bank server and from a third-party vendor. These transactions can be highly sensitive, and if attacked by malicious malware, they can lead to terrible issues if unresolved. It is crucial to ensure robust security measures and compliance with data privacy regulations.

  2. Data protection from risk and fraud – Understanding the current trend of digital lending platforms protecting customer data from risk and fraud is essential but challenging too. Protecting the sensitive credit details of customers are a complex process if the fintechs do not have adequate mechanism to analyze user behaviour and identify the potential risk.

  3. Scalability – As the number of users and loan applications grows, the application needs to scale efficiently to handle increased traffic and processing demands. Inadequate scalability can lead to slow response times and system crashes during peak usage times.

  4. Migration from Legacy systems – As per a report, over two-thirds of organizations are still using and relying on legacy systems. Legacy systems are non-adaptable and inflexible. They are not compatible with digital lending platforms. Integrating the digital lending platform with the legacy platform can be challenging and may require extensive effort and expert resources. And yet enterprises cannot abandon the legacy platform as they have been running for more than 30 years with an estimated over £2 trillion transactions every day.

  5. Integration with the main banking server – This brings us to the next bottleneck. It is a significant effort to integrate the digital lending platform with banks’ legacy platform. Moreover, the legacy systems are not equipped to manage the integration with the digital platform. They also cannot offer innovative offerings like banking-as-a-service (BaaS) as it does not support application programming interfaces (API) integration with third-party services. However, since the upgradation of these legacy systems is time-consuming, banks resist the changes leading it as a bottleneck in the digital transformation process.

  6. Regulatory compliance – Digital lending applications must be compliant with financial regulations. Frequent regulatory changes also demand financial institutions keep up with the changes and update their applications. With frequent changes in features and functionalities, keeping up with regulatory compliance can be complex.

  7. Data transactions – The digital lending platform pulls large amounts of user data from the main banking systems. It requires robust infrastructure and seamless data integration & management systems to eliminate bottlenecks and ensure smooth operations.

  8. Customer satisfaction – Customers require a fast loan approval and disbursement cycle. Hence, to ensure optimum customer satisfaction, lending institutions validate application workflow that expedites the decision-making process, minimizes delay and conforms to user experience. Also, recurring functionality, performance, and security errors can cause potential application issues that damage the brand’s reputation.

  9. Verification of data quality – Digital lending does not pull irrelevant data. They pull only required customer information. Banking systems may store multiple data but not all data are accurate and useful for digital lending platforms. Choosing the relevant data helps fintechs arrive at an informed essential lending decision. However, verifying the data quality can be complex due to the unavailability of relevant and accurate data.  

  10. Mobile responsiveness – The current trend in digital applications demands high mobile responsiveness. The process can be extremely complex in the absence of a mobile responsiveness platform. Hence, the digital lending platform requires extensive validation to ensure that the platform continues to deliver high-quality services and offer optimized user experience.

Digital lending apps became prominent during the pandemic, and customers are embracing it, because of fast approval and disbursal. But the credit quality remains under the scanner.

How reliable is the credit quality in digital lending applications?

A long-standing business lending process is more effective with manual review, cross-verification, and years of root-cause analysis of defaults and assessments compared to digital platforms. The former could be time-consuming, but it helps to achieve the desired risk outcome. It also helps the banks achieve low default rates.

However, the industry cannot avoid the trend of digital adoption. To adapt to the model, financial institutions have found a middle ground to amalgamate the digital model with the accuracy of data-driven model-based decision-making. As digital lending continues to improve, risk managers can take a calculated approach towards automation.

How can we improve the credit quality of digital lending apps?

Banks are testing the automated digital engine based on data-driven assessments and a structured credit framework to assess credit quality based on predictive default risk. As a result, the decision will be more consistent, accurate, fast and cost-effective.

Is quality assurance and testing essential to ensure the credit quality of digital lending apps? Can quality assurance and testing ensure the credit quality of digital lending apps?

Digital lending apps or fintechs pull data from the banks’ main servers. They also coordinate with TSPs like credit bureaus, collections and more. They handle critical transactions 24/7*365 days and customer details, making QA strategy an essential step. QA and testing confirm that the application and platforms are free from defects and errors before production and market launch. It also must offer outstanding client experience with high-quality mobile apps. Quality assurance and testing helps lenders to improve the credit quality of digital lending application.

Some factors are important here to ensure the credit quality of digital lending applications. API functionality and performance, digital application features and timely response of digital apps.

Though digital lending applications require end-to-end test coverage, including functional testing, reliability testing, validation testing, load testing, UI Testing, Security Testing, Penetration Testing and more, there is one more crucial aspect when it comes to validating digital lending applications.

Our understanding from the projects we have handled is that these applications have a few restrictions and limitations. We have also observed a reliability on API functionality and performance if digital lending platforms have to function without any technical glitches.

As high as the dependency on API, the risk with digital lending keeps increasing. API testing is conducted on Encrypted and Unencrypted APIs, multiple encryption levels and data formats, API tunnelling, instability/availability, handling many security protocols, and more.

We offer manual and automated API testing, validating requests and responses at various API layers. We also validate the accessibility of the API level and check the functionality, reliability, performance, and security of the programming interfaces.

Our intuitive robotic test automation solution, Tenjin, is a functional test automation solution. It is a seamless & effective test automation tool for BA and functional testers. Tenjin Test Automation solution is REST and SOAP API ready. Its features like auto-learn, auto-discover and auto-execute help to learn application interface automatically

We support financial institutions with end-to-end testing of their digital lending platforms.

Both banks and fintechs have brought their lending processes to digital platforms for quick approval and disbursal. It allows the borrower to avail loans in case of an emergency. But like all other platforms, digital lending apps require thorough testing to ensure higher customer satisfaction with lower TAT and improved credit quality. This is where Yethi’s domain expertise and industry come into the picture. We have delivered over 500+ projects for over 130 clients across 30+ countries in various LOBs in banks and financial institutions.

10 Critical Steps in Testing the Business and System Upgrade Projects of Banks

Banking businesses thrive on market relevance and ever-evolving customer preferences. It matters a lot for banks to ensure the highest level of customer satisfaction. They can never compromise business quality as it may harm their reputation, incur a monetary loss, and take away their customer reliability. Compromising the quality of their services and systems may lead them to pay a significant penalty. Hence, testing is crucial in the event of new system installation or upgrades in banks.

Banks ensure to reform their services based on current trends and technologies as customer demands and preferences keep evolving. To stay relevant to their customers and stay ahead of their competitors, banks incorporate the latest technologies and improve their services, eventually improving the business metrics.  Hence, banks must validate every business and system upgrade to retain customers and offer them a seamless experience.

Testing is an integral part of the banking systems which demands a more strategic approach than a random one. It involves a great amount of strategy and planning to ensure that the projects go live successfully without any glitches. As so it may look simple on the surface, testing the business and system upgrades are usually a critical process. There are many steps that an enterprise must consider during the testing of the upgrade projects. Here we have discussed 10 critical steps in testing that the enterprise business must not overlook if their end goal is to serve their customers well and succeed.

Steps in testing the banking business and system upgrades:

Before we consider the step for the execution of successful testing of the business and system, it is important to define the goals and objectives of the testing projects. Here are key considerations to make while determining testing projects of banks once you have determined the objectives of your testing project. 

    1. Requirement gathering based on the project scope.

The testing projects of the business and system upgrade begin with an understanding of the project requirements. The scope of testing, the banking modules, menus, submenus and more are the essential components of any project.

Understanding the project requirements is a complex task as banking applications are quite diverse with multiple features and functionalities. The QA team must have a thorough understanding & awareness of banking modules, functionalities, various layers of application integration and more. The process can be complicated and the project scope may remain unidentified if the teams don’t gather adequate project requirements.

Is it an elaborate exercise to gather project requisites?

Requirement gathering is the entry phase of the software testing project. As a part of the project strategy, it is essential to gather the project requirements and understand the scope of the projects.

By gathering project requirements and understanding the project scope, it is easy to strategize, define, and measure the testing project outcome. It also helps in deploying manpower and determining the time and cost of the project. The team understands what is to be tested; they also understand if they are missing out on any important components, or any potential risk involved so that they can discuss with the stakeholders to have a detailed knowledge of requirements. The team also creates the requirement traceability matrix (RTM) to map the test cases.

    • Requirement validation based on available resources (Time, money, and manpower)

Validating requirements helps the team streamline the testing projects and segregate them into categories to individually address the issues in each category and allow to resolve them immediately. Based on the project categories the requirements can vary. After gathering the project requirements, the team takes an overview of the available resources and validates if the available resources match the project requirements and identify the test environment.

Banking applications are usually complicated with multiple requirements. Also, based on new trends and customer requirements, the application features may change frequently. This dynamic nature of the requirements can further add complexity to the validation process, as they are subject to frequent changes based on the changing application features. Additionally, resource availability in terms of time, funds, and manpower may experience small variations, influenced by the specific project requirements and scope.

Can project requirements change frequently? Does frequent changing project requirements affect the testing project outcome?

Frequent changes in project requirements may not affect the project if requirement gathering is done considering all aspects. The diversions are evaluated by the project team to ensure they can accommodate frequent changes without affecting the project or workflow. Changes in applications are part of the project plan, so a pre-defined strategy and a thorough requirement validation can help the team to prepare with the time, money, and manpower for a successful test execution of business and system upgrades. The frequent changes will significantly not impact the project outcome if the requirements are gathered, assessed, and validated adequately before initiating the project.

    • Planning tests under the scope of the AUT

Planning the test is a critical step for the effective execution of the software testing life cycle. Testers define the test plan, application under test, scope of testing and more to yield expected results. Based on requirement gathering and validation, the team also effectively calculates the effort, time and cost required for testing. The project team also develops the test strategies, methods, and techniques during this stage. They also identify the test cases, test deliverables and milestones. The planning stage will only be successful when a detailed plan is presented, reviewed, and approved.

The test planning stage can be complicated because this is the stage when all the essential components are defined. If one or more project components are not added, then there will be a lack of clear understanding of the project, testing objectives, and scopes, leading to issues in deliverables. Since the executable test cases are identified in this phase, if the roles and responsibilities are not assigned, and test plans are not reviewed and approved, it will be tough for the project team to move on to the next step.  

Can the project team accommodate application changes if the request is raised at the later testing phases? Will it harm the project plan?  

Application changes are normal and can be raised at any stage. The changes are purely based on regulatory and technology updates as well as customer demands. Hence, the updates may come frequently, which the team must accommodate accordingly. Since the application changes are flexible there are greater need to incorporate these changes. Feature and functionality changes are integral parts of project plans.

    • Selecting the test cases for the sanity check

This is an interesting phase in the testing project where you identify the new functionalities, feature changes, and any bug fixes. Since the objective is to perform a quick and fast sanity check, there is no requirement to write new tests. This step ensures that the newly implemented changes are working without any errors.

The process can be complicated as only a small portion of test cases are selected for sanity checks. The team will fail to determine the impact ratio if the right test cases are not selected. The project team must thoroughly understand the project requirements and select only those test cases that might have the highest impact on the application’s functionality and performance.  

What is essential to identify the test cases for sanity checks?

Based on the project, application under test, project scope and test environment, the project team can identify the test cases based on their test predictability. The project team usually handles multiple test scenarios to understand the test cases that can have the maximum impact on application features, functionality and performance and choose the most probable test cases. Usually, the requirement gathering and analysis, understanding of AUT, project scope and the test environment are the essential aspects to identify the test cases for sanity checks.

    • Designing and developing the actual test cases

This is the actual phase when the testing team starts designing and developing the test cases. The team prepares the required test data for testing, and the quality assurance team reviews it. The team identifies the test cases that must be designed and developed and writes them to ensure that the written test cases are easy to understand. They also create test data and scenarios for test cases, identify probable results, and review and validate test cases. They update the requirement traceability matrix (RTM) with new changes.

The main objective for the team in this phase is to have a set of accurate and relevant test cases to ensure that they provide complete test coverage of the software and application. It helps the team to have a 360-degree overview of software quality. A comprehensive testing process allows the team to detect potential errors in the software before it is released. The team prepares the test data and keeps it ready for test execution. In the test case development phase, the testing team creates, verifies, and reworks test cases and manual and automated test scripts.

Banks may face two types of complications at this stage. First, if the team lacks the skill and knowledge to identify accurate and relevant test cases, and second, if due to multiple changes, the number of rework test cases increases. It may consume an ample amount of time and money to find skilled people for the job and validate the increasing number of test cases due to frequent changes in applications.

Can there be a possible solution to reduce the effort and time of rework?

It is time-consuming to find skilled developers and testers when your projects are time-bound. Even if you manage to put the entire team together, you might have to meet with one more challenge of accommodating frequent reworks. The project team might have very less time to meet the project deadline and time-to-market. So, banks hire third-party vendors to handle the testing projects to ensure they go live confidently without worrying about software quality. Since the amount of rework increases with application changes, it occupies a significant segment of the software testing lifecycle compared to new changes. Hence, the team selects a robust test automation solution to reduce the rework or regression test time.

    • Understanding the available test environment

Some banks and financial institutions have a conducive test environment with the necessary hardware, software, and network configuration for test execution. While the team designs and develops test cases, they can simultaneously evaluate the existing test environment. If the test environment does not support the massive business and system transformation and upgrade projects. The team must consider setting up the test environment for an effortless test execution project.

The process is complicated if the bank runs long on its legacy system and has a massive amount of data to migrate. Banks find it tough and time-consuming for seamless execution of the testing process without a favourable test environment. Moreover, they must delegate skilled people for the projects or hire a new team.

What is the possible solution if you do not have the required team strength, bandwidth, and allocated budget to set up a test environment?

Banks can consider hiring a third-party vendor to take care of all their test requirements and deliver the project on time by meeting all the quality standards and regulatory compliance. The QA solution providers have the required test environment or can set up one to ensure timely project completion.

    • Setting up the right test environment for seamless test execution

The test environment defines the condition on which the software is validated. Setting up a test environment can be simultaneously conducted with designing and developing test cases. In this stage, the project team determines the software and hardware conditions for testing the product. As the activity is done by the development team, the testing team may or may not be involved in the process. However, they check the readiness of the available environment, and this is known as smoke testing.

The first step in setting up the right environment is to understand the required architecture. The team must be skilled and aware of the available architecture. The test environment needs to be adaptable for seamless test execution. The process can be complicated if the environment is not favourable for test execution and is not ready with the test data set up.

How can the team ensure that the environment is built-ready for seamless test execution?

The team must validate the readiness of the test environment to ensure seamless test execution through smoke testing. They must understand the hardware, software, and network configuration well to ensure that the environment supports the test execution without any disruption.

    • Executing the test cases

In this phase, the test cases and test scripts that were created in the design and development phase are executed to detect defects or issues or errors in banking software. The evaluated results are gathered and assessed by the team. Test execution combines the two phases, planning and developing that verify the software quality. The activity also helps report bugs or technical glitches in the software. If the testers report bugs, the errors are reported to the developers who fix the bugs, and the testers test the software again.

The process can be complicated if there is no adequate test, or if there were any issues in the planning and development of the test cases. Also, if the test environment is not favourable or the test execution did not happen as per the test plan. The team must also put the stages together to finally execute the test cases.

Can multiple test execution degrade the software quality?

The objective of software testing is to validate the accuracy, stability, reliability, usability, efficiency, flexibility, portability and more. Software is tested to ensure that it successfully passes all the criteria. Multiple test execution does not degrade the software quality, instead, it delays the product release. It may not be necessary to test the same feature again and again. Moreover, testing the same feature repeatedly can be time-consuming. It is a good practice to test only applicable changes, performance, and security instead of testing the complete software functionality and menus. It saves time and effort and does not disturb the existing feature of the software.

    • Tracking and reporting defects

Tracking and reporting defects is one of the objectives of testing the software and its quality. The defects or issues are logged in defect tracking systems that are raised during the test execution. The details of the defects include descriptions, defect severity, priority, and more. The test execution results are examined to verify the software functionality and performance and simultaneously detect defects if any.

If the team identifies defects, it is sent to the developers for resolving the errors and retested again to ensure that the defects are fixed. After the defects are fixed team documents and report the test results to the stakeholders. The end objective is to identify and resolve the defects to ensure that the software can be released without any errors. Hence the software must be tested multiple times to ensure all defects are resolved. The process can be complicated if the team does not have an adequate mechanism to identify defects. Finding defects manually is a complicated process.

What solutions can organizations opt for to reduce the rework and multiple retests?

Multiple defect-tracking tools in the market can reduce the manual effort of identifying defects in the software and reduce the rework. For its benefits, organizations use defect-tracking tools that can be easily integrated with testing or test automation solutions. This saves time and effort and reduces rework. The team can confidently fast-track product releases.

    • Planning exit test followed by test closure

This is the final stage of the test execution and a critical one. In this final stage, the quality evaluation of the software is completed and determined if the product is ready for release. In this phase, all testing-related activities and formalities are concluded and documented. The testing team by now must have a clear understanding of the software quality and reliability. Whatever issues have been detected this far must be resolved. The team must document the testing process and improve the testing processes based on their experiences. It helps in removing the bottleneck from future testing projects.

The stage comprises preparing test summary reports, defect tracking and reporting, cleaning up the test environment, preparing test closure reports, transferring knowledge, and providing feedback for process improvement. The main objective of test closure is to validate the software quality and ensure the product market launch. It also confirms that the test execution was organized and completed efficiently. The process will be complicated if there is a lack of relevant information, or the team fails to capture feedback and critical lesson learnt from the project.

How to ensure that the report is whole and comprehensive?

Recording the project reports manually will be liable to errors as there can be a chance of missing out on information. There are a few test automation solutions in the market that comes with easy reporting solution. As reporting is a tedious, elaborate, and time-consuming exercise, these solutions are convenient and useful for the project team.

Conclusion

The steps, scenarios, and situations mentioned above are our understanding of the business and system upgrade projects we delivered. Yethi has supported 125+ banks and financial institutions in 30+ countries in their transformation and upgrade projects. In the 700+ projects we have completed so far, we have achieved quality and punctuality by completing the projects within strict deadlines.

We manage end-to-end test lifecycles efficiently to ensure customers receive quality outcomes within the project deadline. We have conducted end-to-end functional testing and non-functional testing in upgrade testing projects. We have also validated the robustness and responsiveness of systems while ensuring stability and flexibility in data migration and systems performance testing.

We leverage the highest potential of our robotic codeless test automation solution Tenjin during repeated regression cycles in a project. Our intuitive and intelligent solution comes with banking and FI-specific plug-and-play adapters that reduce implementation hassles with banking applications. Tenjin offers data-driven test execution and covers pre- and post-regression cases and effortless system integration testing, user functionality testing, user acceptance, regression testing and more. It comes with easy report generation capabilities and integration with defect management tools to generate test summary reports.

How 2020-2021 pandemic has shaped the test automation landscape?

Automation landscape

The world had come to an abrupt halt with the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, but there was a sudden surge of innovation. Organizations in various sectors realized that to deal with the adversities of this crisis, they must innovate new ways to sustain their business. We adopted various digital platforms to interact and grow with the exchange of services and offerings. But ensuring the quality of these products, services and offerings remained a decisive point. 

We are all aware of the importance of testing. It is known to all that testing plays a vital role in ensuring system quality. Organizations are extremely vocal about the incompleteness of quality assurance without appropriate and adequate testing practices, structure, tools, and plans. Did the testing process come to an abrupt halt due to the outbreak of the Pandemic? No, it did not. In fact, organizations found different channels to facilitate the testing projects. As the old saying goes, “necessity is the mother of inventions”. 2020-2021 pandemic became a driving force to innovate for quality assurance.

Pandemic surely had some negative and positive impacts on digital transformation. But that did not refrain people from trying out new solutions and remedies to their problems. Let us look at some of the positive and negative impacts of digital transformation that organizations had to face during the global pandemic.

Positive impact of Covid-19 in digital transformation

There has been a tremendous change in the way people work, think, and act. They have learnt new techniques and how to put them to use. The digital transformation has made people adapt to the changes. They have learnt to think out of the box and try new technologies. Digital transformation has facilitated remote working, and employees know that they can still be productive and efficient even while working remotely. The new work structure is like, “give us the facilities and new technologies, and we will innovate from there”.

Negative impact of Covid-19 on digital transformation

What seemed like a positive development for some were unfavorable for others. Covid-19 came with certain restrictions on communication and physical interaction. Some of the organizations that followed an old school method could not evolve with the surrounding changes leading to the disintegration of their foundation. Many physical branches were closed down with the decrease in footfall, and their business moved to the virtual platform. It has become a strenuous task for the management team to bring their employees back to the office. Employees have learnt new ways of working it has become hard to drag their feet back to the office.

Testing before Pandemic

Software testing is an integral part of quality assurance, and organizations cannot put them on the back burner. Testing has come to the mainstream and is executed simultaneously with the development lifecycle. Organizations realized the importance of testing long before the outbreak of Covid-19 hence, continuous testing is included in CI/CD pipeline as an inseparable process. With the introduction of effective test automation tools, it has become easy and convenient to conduct and execute testing practices like regression, UI/UX functionality, integration, user acceptance and more at a massive scale. But there are more test requirements, which need expert and skilled testers to execute them. It is one reason that even after innovating the most effective test automation tools, organizations still require manual testing. Hence, we have the best of both worlds and automation test practice is most efficiently supported by manual testing.

Testing before the pandemic was mostly conducted onsite, with a significant portion handled by the offshore team. The organization had the advantages of system architecture and an adequate bandwidth with an efficient technical team deployed onsite that helped them carry out the end-to-end testing process without any disruption. After checking the end-to-end testing process and the product release, it would not have made much difference for the technical team to be on the testing site. However, the maintenance of the software performance and quality assurance was largely done by the offshore team.

Testing during Pandemic

The testing team still maintained the right blend of manual and automation testing. But a few things changed during the pandemic due to certain factors. There were sudden restrictions on travel and human contact. People were working from home and remotely, and international travel came to an abrupt halt. The testing process, however, could not have stopped. Organizations realized that it is only wise to adopt remote or offshore testing as an option. As test automation is more improvised and integrated with high-end technologies, remote and offshore testing would be as productive as onsite testing.

The remote testing model proved to be extremely convenient as the organizations could save a significant operational cost while the testing team handled the technical challenges and adversities. The technical team overcame many challenges like time zone differences, travel restrictions, and time constraints, ensuring 100% success in handling the end-to-end testing project from offshore. The team paid extra effort to deliver the project with utmost competence and assurance that all the testing aspects were considered and that all errors were addressed well without fail. Organizations are more confident that quality project delivery is possible even with challenges amidst the crisis.

Testing after Pandemic

Organizations are more prepared to deal with crisis and keep their business as usual (BAU) functional. It is no longer about choosing a testing project model. They have two models and multiple testing strategies based on their specific project requirements. Automation and manual testing go hand-in-hand and are applicable for many testing projects. The testing of banking or financial applications is exceptionally vital. Hence, it is necessary to have the most updated test automation tool to combine with the right test strategies, planning, and practice.

Organizations would not forsake either offshore or onsite testing models. Instead, both the testing model would act as a support to each other. Applying offshore testing proved to be a winning game for many organizations, as they succeeded in implementing the testing project and reap the benefits of offshore testing. Organizations have saved time and costs by adopting offshore test project models. Onsite testing is advisable when organizations have the in-house digital testing architecture to carry out the testing project. It is critical to have a compatible set-up of in-house architecture for the onsite testing model.

Conclusion –

After years of flourishing by offering onsite and offshore testing models to many organizations, Yethi has successfully delivered and completed 9+ offshore testing projects globally during pandemic 2020-2021. We are a niche QA services provider and have years of experience in delivering onsite & offshore testing projects. Having expertise in offering end-to-end testing services across all the major core banking applications with functional areas like Liabilities, Payments, Assets, Trade finance, Treasury and more, we have worked with 90+ clients across 22+ countries. We have not let our clients suffer from this unprecedented global situation and provided complete support to help banks avoid any business disruption and be prepared for any potential impact.

Our offshore testing model is designed considering all aspects like project knowledge, time constraint, travel restrictions, time zone differences and more. Our onsite and offshore testing models are managed by expert consultants and supervisors and backed by highly skilled resources and maestros in testing and programming to ensure that the testing projects are efficient and cost-effective.

Our highly experienced testing & digital consultants understand the processes and technologies involved in digital projects & quickly scale capacity to meet the needs of your business. Our dedicated offshore and onsite team can continue the workload with proper coordination, creating a continuous testing cycle.

We address the challenges of business continuity through our efficient testing models. Our 5th generation robotic codeless test automation tool Tenjin is built with intuitive features and supports our QA services. It is a fast and scalable test automation platform and works flawlessly across multiple applications to provide accurate test results.

Risk-based Testing: Uncovering Risks

Risk based testing Uncovering risks

Risk-based testing starts early in the project by identifying the risks to the quality of the system.  This knowledge is used to guide the planning, preparation, and execution of testing.  The testing begins early in the project by identifying the risks to ensure the quality of the system.  Risk-based testing included mitigation testing which would offer opportunities to reduce the possibility of defects.

In risk-based testing, the quality risks are identified and assessed with stakeholders through a product quality risk analysis. The testing team designs, implements, and tests to reduce the quality risks.

Each product could convey a different grade of risk after identifying the parameters impacting the same and grading them.  Depending on the grades worked out, the classification as high, medium, and low risk is done. The intensity of the approach depends on the level of risk.

Need for risk-based testing:

Risk-based testing helps in reducing the remaining level of product risk during system implementation. The testing is done in the beginning stages of the project and helps all the persons involved to control the SDLC/STLC.

Risk for each product is investigated from processes and procedures, which are then graded. This method of quantifying risk allows testers to determine each risk’s overall impact and predict the damage caused by failure to test specific functionality. The strategy includes risk severity-based classification tests to identify the worst or most risky areas affecting the business.  It uses risk analysis to predict the likelihood of avoiding or eliminating defects using non-testing procedures and to help the organization select the necessary testing actions to perform.

The benefit of risk-based testing is to cut short timelines with optimal coverage.  It helps banks or financial institutions to lay their focus on high-risk areas in terms of q/a.

The above will help in reducing the efforts and costs without compromising on quality.

Yethi has out of its own experience, developed strategies and scoring patterns to help identify the risk level and the consequent impact on the project execution.

Action plan

Identify the risk

Risks are found through different testing methods and categorized accordingly. A chart is prepared based on the risk weightage and impact on the product.  The process involves organizing different risk workshops, checklists, root cause analysis, and interactions.

Risk analysis

Based on the risk parameters, ranks are allotted based on the probability and consequences that may follow.

A register or a table is used as a spreadsheet with a list of identified risks, potential responses, and root causes. Different risk analysis strategies can be used to manage positive and negative risks.

Response strategy

Based on the risk, the team chooses the right test to create a plan of action. Document the dependencies and assign responsibilities across the teams. In some cases, the risk strategy is conditional on the project.

Test Scoping

A review activity that ensures that all stakeholders have hearsay along with the tech staff.  Risk scoping helps create backup plans based on the worst-case scenarios, just to be prepared for a cascade of failures.

Identify the probability and high exposure areas and analyze the requirements.

Testing

After all parameters and scope of testing are listed out, testing needs to be carried out in stages. Prepare a risk register to record all developments from the initial risk analysis, existing checklist, and brainstorming sessions.

Perform dry test runs to ensure quality is maintained at each stage.

Maintain traceability between risk items and at every level of testing, e.g., component, system, integration, and acceptance.

Conclusion

Risk-based testing systems are sophisticated, efficient, and entirely project-oriented that resulting in minimizing risks. The testing efforts are quite organized, where each test has a protocol based on risk probability.

CI For Automation Testing Framework

Let us consider that you have a critical project idea, and you want to set up an automation testing framework. A complex mobile application will need a lot of iteration right from the beginning. The complexities of the application may arise due to frequent changes in functionalities, adding new features, and running regression frequently to validate the changes. This will sway your project back and forth, consuming time, money, and effort, and the result will not equal up the effort made.

To end all the confusion, CI (continuous integration)/ CD (continuous deployment or delivery) is introduced at the very beginning of the software development lifecycle. The process offers a stable development environment and facilitates the automation testing framework with speed, safety, and reliability. It eliminates the challenges like lack of consistency and the numerous errors that arise due to human intervention of an application development process, ensuring that the users receive an error-free, end-product with a seamless user experience.  

What is CI/CD?

Technically speaking, CI/CD is a method that is frequently used to deliver apps to customers by using automation early in the app development stage. The main concepts associated with CI/CD include continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment.

We can think of it as a solution to various problems for the development and operations team while integrating new code.

With the introduction of CI/CD, developers have ongoing automation and continuous monitoring during the lifecycle of an application – be it the integration phase, testing phase, or delivery and deployment phase.

When we combine all these practices, it can be called the ‘CI/CD pipeline.’ Both development and operation teams work together in an agile way, either through a DevOps approach or site reliability engineering (SRE) approach.

Automation testing in CI/CD

Automation testing in CI/CD helps the QA engineers define, execute, and automate various tests. These tests allow the developers to access the performance of their applications in an innovative manner.

It can tell them whether their app build has passed or failed. Moreover, it can help in functionality testing after every sprint and regression for complete software.

Regression tests can run on their local environments before sending the code to the version control repository to save the team’s time.

However, automation testing isn’t confined to regression tests. Various other tests, such as static code analysis, security testing, API testing, etc., can be automated.

The central concept is to trigger these tests through web service or other tools that can result in success or failure.

Test automation framework runs on a set of guidelines, rules, and regulations. DevOps team needs to implement a proper test strategy following these guidelines, rules, and regulations before they start the testing process. They have to set the process right and decide when to introduce CI during the entire software testing lifecycle, when to start the execution, and the deployment process. Some of the key points to consider:

  • Evaluating test automation frameworks: Ensuring codeless representation of automated tests, that support data-driven tests, and concise reporting.
  • Choose the test automation framework based on the requirement: The different types of test automation framework include modular testing framework, data-driven framework, keyword-driven framework, and hybrid framework.
  • Defining the objective for automation: This is an important step where the objective of the test automation must be set clear. It includes choosing the right tools, skillsets, framework, current requirements, and considering the future trends.
  • Defining the benefits of the automation framework: Considering the benefits of the automation framework for faster test script creation, longer automation span, easy maintenance, reusability probability, and good data migration support.
  • Automation compliance: Testing the software for the latest regulatory compliance.

Benefits of deploying a CI/CD pipeline in automation testing framework

Wondering why a team should work on CI/CD pipeline? Here are some of the benefits associated with it:

  • Boosts DevOps efficiency

In the absence of CI/CD, developers and engineering teams are under immense pressure while carrying out their daily tasks. It could be due to service interruptions, outages, and bad deployments.

With the help of CI/CD, teams can eliminate manual tasks and thereby prevent coding errors. In addition, it will help them detect problems before deployment. This way, teams can work faster without having to compromise on the quality. Furthermore, since the manual tasks are automated, the release rates also decrease.

  • Smaller code changes

A significant technical benefit of CI/CD is that it helps integrate small pieces of code at one time. Therefore, it gets much easier and simpler to handle as compared to huge chunks of code. Also, there will be fewer issues to be fixed at a later stage.

With the help of continuous testing, these small codes can be tested as soon as they are implemented. It is a fantastic approach for large development teams working remotely or in-office.

  • Freedom to experiment

The CI/CD approach helps developers experiment with various coding styles and algorithms with much lesser risk than traditional software development paradigms.

If the experiment does not work as expected, it won’t ever appear in the production and can be undone in the next iteration set. This feature of competitive innovation is a decisive factor behind the fame of the CI/CD approach.

  • It improves reliability

With the help of CI/CD, you can improve test reliability to a great extent. It is because specific and atomic changes are added to the system. Therefore, the developers or QAs can post more relevant positive and negative tests for the changes. This testing process is also known as ‘Continuous Reliability’ within a CI/CD pipeline. This approach helps in making the process more reliable.

  • Customer satisfaction

Customer satisfaction is an essential aspect of the success of any product or application. It is a crucial factor that should be considered while releasing a new app or updating an existing one.

With the help of CI/CD, bugs are fixed while it is still in the development phase. Through automated Software Testing for Continuous Delivery, the feedback from the users is easier to integrate into the system. When you offer bug-free and quick updates on your app, it will help boost customer satisfaction.

  • Reduces the time to market

Another essential feature that makes CI/CD popular is the deployment time. The time to market plays a crucial role in the success of your product release. It helps increase engagement with your existing customers, gain more profit, support pricing, and get more eyeballs.

When you launch the product at the right time in the market, the product’s ROI will surely increase.

These are just a few benefits of CI/CD. It isn’t just a tool for software development but also an approach to set your business as a leader in the market.

Conclusion

CI/CD is an essential aspect of software building and deployment. It facilitates building and enhancing great apps with faster delivery time. Furthermore, continuous testing automation enables the app to go through the feedback cycle quicker and build better and more compatible apps.

Why Yethi for your projects?

Organizations need strategies and a customized testing environment to offer continuous testing with every integration and deployment. You cannot go wrong with the implementations. Our approach towards building an automation testing framework is agile. We offer continuous testing for all your integration and deployment ensuring that you get a stable, safe, and scalable product. The robotic capabilities of Tenjin – our codeless test automation platform, which enable to learn and adapt to the application and its updates. Tenjin, is a plug-and-play banking aware solution, continuous testing, minimizing the manual effort and speed up the test execution regardless of the complexity and number of updates.

Code Coverage Vs. Test Coverage

Improving the ‘quality’ of software is the key to creating a loyal customer base and increasing the ROI. There are different metrics to assess the software quality, the most important ones are code coverage and test coverage. Sometimes both are used interchangeably, however, they are not the same. Both are used to measure the effectiveness of the code, hence, giving a clear picture of the quality of the software and deciding if the product is ready for deployment.

As code and test coverage are necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the code used in developing the software; let’s shed light on how code coverage and test coverage differ from each other and help in providing an insight to the software quality.

What is Code Coverage?

Code coverage is performed to analyse the code execution length. It is a software testing practice that determines the extend to which the code has been executed by observing the critical lines in the code across the length. Further, it helps in validating the code for understanding the robustness of the final outcome.

Code coverage is a white-box testing technique that generates a report that details how much of the application code has been executed, making it easy to develop enterprise-grade software products for any software company.

How is Code Coverage Performed?

Code coverage is fundamentally performed at the unit testing level by considering various criteria. Here are a few critical coverage criteria that most companies practice:

Function Coverage: covers the functions in the source code that are called and executed at least once.

Statement Coverage: covers the number of statements that have been successfully implemented in the source code.

Path Coverage: covers the flows containing a series of controls and conditions that have operated well at least once.

Branch Coverage: covers the decision control structures like loops that have been executed without errors.

Condition Coverage: covers the Boolean expressions validated and performs both TRUE and FALSE as per the test runs.

Loop Coverage: covers the completed loop body zero times, exactly once or more than once.

What is Test Coverage?

Unlike code coverage, test coverage is a black-box testing procedure that provides data about the tests performed on an application or website. It controls the number of tests that have been completed by deciding the area of a requirement not executed by a set of test cases.

Test coverage helps to create additional test cases to ensure the maximum range of requirements is outlined in multiple documents like:

  • FRS (Functional Requirements Specification)
  • SRS (Software Requirements Specification)
  • URS (User Requirement Specification)

Additionally, it helps identify a quantitative measure of test coverage, which is an indirect method for quality checks.

How is Test Coverage Performed?

Test coverage can be accomplished by practicing static review procedures like peer reviews, inspections, and walkthroughs by transforming the ad-hoc defects into executable test cases.

It is performed at the code level or unit test level using automated code coverage or unit test coverage tools. In contrast, functional test coverage can be done with the help of proper test management tools.

Here are a few critical coverage criteria that most companies practice:

  • Functional testing: Functional testing evaluates the features against requirements specified in the Functional Requirement Specification (FRS) documents.
  • Acceptance testing: Acceptance testing verifies whether a product is suitable to be delivered for customer use.
  • Unit testing: Unit testing is performed at the unit level, where the bugs are extensively different from problems found at the integration stage.

Significant Differences Between Code Coverage and Test Coverage

Here are some of the prime differences between code and test coverage:

Code Coverage Test Coverage
Refers to which application code is exercised when the application is running Refers to how well the Number of tests
executed covers the functionality of an application
Helps in measuring how efficiently the test execution can be achieved Provides new test cases, which helps to improve the test coverage and, in return, increases the defects
Checks the quantitative measurement Helps identify the measure of test cases, which enhances the quality of the software
Helps in testing the source code Eliminates test cases that are not useful and do not increase the test coverage of the software
Defines the degree of testing Helps find the areas that are not implemented by any test cases
Performed by developers Performed by the QA Team

Method to Calculate Code and Test Coverage

The formulas for calculating various coverages of code are:

Code Coverage

Statement Coverage can be calculated as the number of executed statements/Total number of statements X 100

Function Coverage can be calculated as the number of functions called/Total number of functions X 100

Branch Coverage can be calculated as the number of executed branches/Total number of branches X 100

Example: If the total number of executed branches are 6 and the total number of branches is 7, then the branch coverage will be 6/7*100 = .85

Test Coverage

In the first step, calculate the total number of lines in the software under test.

Then in the second step, calculate the number of lines of all the codes of all the test cases currently under execution.

Then divide the count in step one by count in step two.

The result is then multiplied by 100 to get the percentage of test coverage that is covered. 

Example: If the total number of lines in a code is 500 and the number of lines executed in all is 50, the test coverage is 500/50 * 100 = 10%.

Conclusion

In this fast-paced, technology-driven world, understanding code coverage and test coverage are necessary for developers and testers. These coverages help strengthen and simplify the code so that the resulting application is the highest possible quality. However, developers and QAs can build result-driven, modern code that sets the foundation of genuinely great software by executing these concepts.

[INFOGRAPHIC] Manual Vs Automated Testing

Software testing has evolved from tedious manual testing processes to automated solutions. As software development processes are getting complex and moving towards a more agile approach, manual testing can be time-consuming while lacking accuracy and consistency due to its mundane nature. To ensure the quality of the software is the best, organizations are adapting test automation solutions that will also significantly reduce time, cost, and effort.

Take a look at the below infographic to understand the difference between Manual and Automated Testing, and decide which one to choose.

 

Manual Vs Automated Testing

Though, automation testing is preferred by most of the organizations today, manual testing cannot be eliminated from the process completely. Manual testing is required to set the initial automation process. However, automated testing is best suited for regression testing, repeated test execution, and performance testing.

Resolving Quality Issues Across DevOps Pipeline

DevOps has transformed the process of software development and testing. It is a multidisciplinary approach that brings together the development and operation departments together. This strategy leads to a cultural shift where professionals from both groups work together, thus, leading to better synergy, usage of automation across the board, and more flexibility. DevOps strategies lead to streamlining multiple processes, reducing errors, and building a faster and more successful deployment process.

The smooth collaboration between the development and the operations team offered by DevOps promotes quicker product delivery. Here, testing is performed alongside the development giving scope to identify bugs earlier in the product development cycle. This approach expands the scope of software testing and reduces the occurrence of bugs significantly.

6 Quality issues with DevOps and how to solve them

Performance Issues

Practicing continuous integration and deployment tends to make processes in any industry faster. However, sometimes a team’s performance could be slower with continuous deployment than with manual work.

Solution: DevOps team should analyze if their processes are efficient enough. Although automated processes are faster than manual ones, they still need to be analyzed to choose the right tool that will help them to meet their business goals.

Users should check if all the steps in their DevOps processes are necessary. Removing unnecessary steps is an excellent way to reduce complications and get consistent results. User metrics also helps to analyze the stages of the process, such as how much time each task takes. When analyzing metrics, it is recommended that the team figures out the maximum capacity. Some tools may not work fast enough, so they need to be replaced with upgraded technology.

Security Issues

Sometimes development teams could take shortcuts due to a production rush, either due to an extended holiday period or a huge deal. This could lead to a compromise of the system’s security. Huge incidents could lead to loss of billions of dollars and potential bankruptcy, and also affect the brand reputation adversely.

Solution: The team should maintain consistent security hygiene. This includes keeping access to vital tools for CI (Continuous Integration) and CD (Continuous Deployment) secure. Highly secure passwords are still the safest bet.

Contrary to popular belief, CI/CD jobs should be executed with the fewest number of privileges, not the most. If a hacker reconfigures a system that has more permissions than necessary, it could break the production cycle. When the system has been reset to safety, plenty of data could be hacked and stolen, leading to losses to intellectual and monetary property.

Separate Tools Set for Development and Operations Teams

One of the biggest challenges is the implementation of different sets of tools for both the development and operations teams. Identifying and synchronizing the differences between the two teams is vital for running a business smoothly.

Solution: Better collaboration would lead to increased productivity for the DevOps teams. Teams should strive to work towards a unified goal and be trained to understand how to achieve them.

A complete set of instructions and better communication would guarantee the best results. Data could be tested to see if the team has successfully deployed understanding the business problems, training tests, and work schedule maintenance.

Version Control Management Issues

The CI & CD processes are created specifically, keeping the company’s goal in mind. But sometimes, the software undergoes a major update, especially at the time of deployment, and everything could crash, or an urgent task could completely stall. 

Solution: One solution could be to disable auto-updates so that any impediments do not arise in the work schedule. The team must prioritize stability over the newest release date. During deployment, it is a better option to use the stable version of the software rather than the latest one.

In addition, we believe there should be a DevOps team that can be responsible for version control. They could maintain a record of newer versions and features and check to see if they can still support previous systems.

However, not updating the software for a long time can leave the DevOps team vulnerable to viruses in the system as well as outdated technology. While newer updates need to be analyzed, they should not be avoided and put to good use when necessary.

Regular Testing

If testing software is not well-strategized, or a wrong approach is taken to it, it can lead to problems in production and distribution.

Solution: Developers must take test results as seriously as possible. Sometimes, assumptions are made that some minor glitches during testing would not appear in real-time, but the company would have to pay a heavy price if something goes wrong.

Developers should deploy approval procedures for new features to prevent software with bugs from being deployed. They should also focus on writing automation and unit tests. Experts have suggested that as a bare minimum, DevOps should ensure that there are UI and API automated tests.

Finally, developers should test their optimizations regularly. Initial iterations could be lighter and faster to deploy. However, as one keeps adding more code, each optimization could become more complex and bring lesser value. Developers should approach it carefully, as the gains derived from optimization may not match up to the constant investments made to upgrade it.

Resistance to Change

Sometimes the organization may feel resistant to the idea of shifting to a DevOps setup. Proposing that the change is necessary may not go well with certain team members, who think that it reflects poorly on their current efforts.

Solution: Like any significant change, DevOps’ change would be gradual and not happen overnight. When employees are shown the importance of DevOps and given different essential roles that contribute to the development process, the DevOps culture becomes more ingrained.

Teams must find a product or existing application and replicate its performance in a DevOps setup. If employees can see the benefits, they are more likely to adopt the changes to employ the DevOps strategies.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we would say that while the DevOps pipeline can bring certain limitations, those changes are manageable and can help an organization soar to amazing heights post its implementation.

Test-driven development – What is it, and how could it help you?

Delivering uk best essays.org quality code in a small timeframe has become more critical than ever before. To increase their pace, organizations are moving towards integrating agile methodologies in their software development framework. However, this has resulted in organizations ignoring the importance of performing rigorous testing that leads to generating more bugs. This ends up taking a significant amount of the team’s time, which could have been utilized for working on the production or deployment of the product. Hence essays services reviews.com, to successfully tackle the issue of creating quality code at a rapid pace, test-driven development (TTD) has emerged.

Let’s understand test-driven development and explore its benefits and drawbacks, and how it can contribute to the organization’s overall success.

What is Test-Driven Development?

TDD is a software development practice that aims to create unit test cases before developing the actual code. It utilizes an iterative approach that combines refactoring, creating unit tests and programming. Deriving its roots from extreme programming and agile manifesto principles, TDD is a structuring practice that allows development and testing teams to procure optimized, resilient code in the long term.

Starting with designing and developing tests for small features of the product, the TDD framework instructs to create new code only if the automated test has failed. This helps the team to avoid duplication of scripts.

Steps for Implementing Test-Driven Development

TDD centres work around six simple steps that are repeated throughout the software development lifecycle. These steps ensure that the code is simple and efficient and fulfils the functional business requirements.

  • Writing the test

As the development in TDD is driven by a test, the first step involves creating a unit test. It should be effortless and only focus on testing a specific feature or component of a larger feature.

  • Running the test

After creating the test, the next step is to run it and confirm that it failed. This step enables to think about the requirements of the feature or section of a code.

  • Fixing the code

After the confirmation that the test has failed, the team should work on writing the code that will enable them to fix it. This step focuses on writing a test code that will satisfy the test conditions instead of writing the perfect solution.

  • Re-running the test

After creating the new testing script, the test should be re-run to check whether it passes the new test.

  • Refactoring

In this step, the team should refactor the code written in step 3 to integrate it with the existing codebase. The code should improve the readability of the test, distinguish it from logical parts, and rename or move variables and methods.

  • Repeat

TDD should be continued gradually to add features and functionality of the product. If all the test cases are small, the entire process, from writing a failing test to confirming a passing test and refactoring, can only take a few minutes. This helps to slowly progress towards a fully-realized feature, thereby, showing progress in the entire codebase.

Advantages of Test-Driven Development

  • Decreases the dependency on debugging

As TDD primarily focuses on creating the test case and only then creating code required to pass it, it further allows to dramatically decrease the requirement for debugging. Also, TDD helps to quickly identify and recognize a failing test as it advocates for a deeper understanding of logic and functional requirements during test case writing and coding.

  • Takes User Experience into account

Due to the nature of first thinking and then writing about the test, it should be fundamentally worked from backwards. It first considers the function that will be used, how it can be implemented, and how it needs to be written. Thus, TDD forces one to consider the functionality’s user experience elements and, therefore, the entire project.

  • Reduces overall development time

As per industry experts, when compared to the traditional, non-test-driven model, implementing TDD practices has helped organizations facilitate their total development time for a project. Even though the lines of code can stretch (because of the extra lines involved in tests), frequent testing prevents bugs and helps to catch existing ones much earlier in the process before they become problematic.

Conclusion

TDD shows the willingness of organizations to leave behind traditional approaches to software testing where tests are only run after the programming work is completed. It highlights the importance of testing when combined with development. This new approach gives a thorough understanding of how each part of the codebase works and assist them in catching errors before it’s too late in the development process. While it isn’t without its flaws, TDD’s benefits far outweigh its drawbacks if implemented correctly.